Underwater photogrammetry and scanning are technologies that have revolutionized the way we collect data from the underwater environment. These technologies allow for the collection of accurate 3D models and maps of underwater structures and landscapes, which are crucial for marine biology, oceanography, and underwater engineering.

Underwater photogrammetry involves taking photographs of the underwater environment from multiple angles and using software to stitch them together to create a 3D model. This technology is useful for creating accurate maps of underwater terrain, such as coral reefs, shipwrecks, and underwater caves.

Underwater scanning, on the other hand, involves using LiDAR or SONAR technology to create a 3D map of the underwater environment. LiDAR and SONAR both use sound waves to measure the distance between the sensor and the objects in the water. LiDAR uses laser beams, while SONAR uses sound waves, which bounce off the objects in the water and return to the sensor, allowing for the creation of a highly accurate 3D map.

Underwater photogrammetry and scanning have many applications, including:

• Marine biology and oceanography: Underwater photogrammetry and scanning can be used to create accurate maps of underwater habitats, such as coral reefs, and to track changes in these habitats over time. This technology can also be used to study the behavior of marine animals and to monitor changes in ocean currents and temperatures.

• Underwater engineering and infrastructure maintenance: Underwater photogrammetry and scanning can be used to create detailed maps of underwater infrastructure, such as oil rigs, pipelines, and bridges. This technology can also be used to detect damage to these structures and to plan repairs and maintenance.

• Search and rescue: Underwater photogrammetry and scanning can be used to locate and map underwater objects, such as wreckage and debris, which can be helpful in search and rescue operations.

Overall, underwater photogrammetry and scanning are powerful tools for collecting data from the underwater environment. They offer a fast, efficient, and accurate way to create 3D maps and models of underwater structures and landscapes, which can be used for a variety of applications in marine biology, oceanography, and underwater engineering.